CAPITAL DEFENSE WEEKLY

Missed last week, but leading off this edition, is Phillip Anthony Summers v. State from the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals.  The issue  in Summers on appeal revolves around the trial court's exclusion of the testimony by a witness that he ordered the murders for which Mr. Summers was convicted, at least one of the killers told him the details of the murders after it happened, and that the persons who did the hit did not include Appellant. Holding that the "right to a fair trial and to the opportunity to present a complete defense was unconstitutionally violated by the trial court’s wholesale exclusion of the testimony" a divided Court holds that the trial court erred in excluding the testimony.  "Furthermore, given the highly contested nature of the evidence presented and the limitations of the State’s evidence—in particular, no forensic evidence linking Phillip Summers to either the crime scene or the murder weapons—this Court cannot conclude that this constitutional violation was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”

The Florida Supreme Court on Thursday stayed the execution of David Johnston so a hearing can be held to determine whether he's mentally retarded. The justices issued the 5-2 decision just hours after hearing oral argument. The opinion is not yet available

In the news, the next possible wave of challenges to lethal injection,  Ringo v. Lombardi, Case No. 09-4095-CV-C-NKL, a federal district court judge in the Western District of Missouri on Tuesday  denied a motion to dismiss in a challenge to that state’s lethal injection statute.  The suit uses a new avenue to challenge lethal injection, “a declaratory judgment that Missouri’s lethal injection protocol violates the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 801, et seq. (“FDCA”), as well as the Controlled Substances Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 301, et seq. (“CSA”).”  Mark this one as one to watch.

Last week State District Judge Kevin Fine found the Texas death penalty scheme unconstitutional.  Mark Bennett, Defending People,  has made available materials relating to that order.  “The original motion that Judge Fine signed is here. On Friday, Judge Fine had a discussion with the prosecutor and defense attorneys in the Green case, clarifying his order. The first part of the transcript is here; the second part, here.” [h/t Stand Down].   Tuesday the judge reversed himself, although the order, at time the send button was hit, could not be located.

In Louisiana, an Orleans Parish Criminal District Court judge  granted a new trial for Michael Anderson finding  prosecutors withheld a two-hour videotaped interview with the sole eyewitness to the crime. Washington state recently changed its execution method to a single drug lethla injection. DPIC notes that “on March 3, a federal District Court barred the re-prosecution of former Ohio death row inmate Joe D’Ambrosio for the murder of Tony Klann over 22 years ago.” ABCNews is questioning whether bad autopsies are leading to wrongful convictions in Tennessee.

As always, thanks for reading. -k


Pending Executions
March
11 Joshua Maxwell* (Texas)
16 Lawrence Reynolds* (Ohio)
16 Jack Harold Jones Jr.* (Ark)
18 Paul Warner Powell* (VA)
24 Hank Skinner* (Texas)
30 Franklin Alix* (Texas)

April
8 Richard Smith* (Ok)
12 Don William Davis* (Ark)
20 Samuel Bustamante* (Texas)
20 Daryl Durr* (Ohio)
22 William Berkley* (Texas)

Stays
March
9 David Johnston* (FL)

Executions
March
2 Michael Sigala* (Texas)
* "serious" execution date / (s) stay believed likely / (V) Volunteer / note this list may exclude any recently added execution date
[DPIC has more]

SCOTUS
  • Thaler v. Anthony Haynes, No. 09-2730 (2/22/2010)  "[A] trial judge need not personally observe a potential juror’s behavior in deciding later whether that juror was denied a seat on the panel because of race, despite the prosecutor’s claim that she was excluded because of her demeanor under questioning.  No prior ruling of the Court, the Justices said in an unsigned, apparently unanimous opinion, requires that the judge have been on hand during jury selection in order to evaluate a claimed violation of Batson v. Kentucky, when the use of a peremptory strike was based on a claim of juror demeanor."  [via SCOTUSBlog]
  • Johnson v. US, No. 08–6925 (3/2/2019) “A circuit court’s judgment upholding a sentence for possession of ammunition by a convicted felon, which was enhanced under the Armed Career Criminal Act, is reversed where the Florida felony offense of battery by actually and intentionally touching another person does not have as an element the use of physical force against the person of another, and thus does not constitute a violent felony under 18 U.S.C. section 924(e)(1).” [via  Findlaw]
  • Wilkins v. Gaddy, No. 08–10914  (2/22/2010) "In a 42 U.S.C. section 1983 action alleging excessive force by a correctional officer, a court of appeals’ affirmance of dismissal of the complaint is reversed where the district court’s approach (based on its determination that plaintiff’s injuries were “de minimis”) was at odds with precedent directing it to decide excessive force claims based on the nature of the force, rather than the extent of the injury." [via FindLaw]
  • Florida v. Powell, No. 08–1175 (2/23/2010)  "In a state prosecution for possession of a weapon by a convicted felon, a reversal of defendant’s conviction on Miranda grounds is reversed where the police satisfied Miranda’s requirements by informing defendant that he had “the right to talk to a lawyer before answering any of their questions,” and that he had “the right to use any of his rights at any time he wanted during the interview.” [via FindLaw]
  • Maryland v. Shatzer, No. 08–680 (2/24/2010)  "In a sexual child abuse prosecution, the state court of appeals’ reversal of defendant’s conviction is reversed where defendant experienced a break in Miranda custody lasting more than two weeks between first and second attempts at interrogation, and thus Edwards did not mandate suppression of defendant’s statements during the second interrogation." [via FindLaw]
Week of March 1,  2010: In Favor of the State or Government (initial list) 
  • Larry Wooten v. Thaler,  2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 4298 (5th Cir 3/2/2010) “The court of appeals affirmed the denial of the petition, holding that 1) when the actual physical evidence is in full view, there is no constitutional demand that the prosecution warrant any analysis of that evidence as final — as the best and last attempts; and 2) there was no loss of effectiveness under the Sixth Amendment as the strength of the state’s case grew, just a lessening of the defendant’s chance to prevail.” [via FindLaw]
  • Ronald Smith v. Mahoney, 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 4704 (9th Cir 3/5/2010) (dissent)”The petitioner has been on death row since 1984 for a double murder. He turned down a plea agreement that would have resulted in a 17-year actual sentence, and instead chose to plead guilty and ask for death. He received a death sentence, but then reconsidered. He argued that he had ineffective counsel, and that his mental state at the time, deep depression, rendered his decision questionable. Over the years, he had resentencings. The 9th considers both his IAC claim and his challenge to the sentence. The 9th finds clearly that his counsel had been ineffective in advising him as to defenses, whether to go to trial, investigation, and mitigation. And yet, the 9th finds that it was without prejudice! As to the sentencing claims, the 9th denied the claim that the sentencing judge failed to consider mitigating evidence of proportionality, bias of the sentencing judge, and a Lackey claim asserting that length of incarceration violated the 8th amendment. The majority did end by praising petitioner’s rehabilitation and change of life, but said that it was for clemency. In dissent, B. Fletcher argues that there was prejudice in the ineffectiveness, and that it permeated every aspect of the case up to and including the guilty plea and request for death. Fletcher also makes the case that a Lachey claim was viable here.” [via Ninth Circuit  blog] Shaun Martin has more.
  • People v. Jeffrey Jon Mills,  2010 Cal. LEXIS 1805 (Cal 3/1/2010) “Conviction and death sentence imposed on defendant for first-degree murder and sex crimes are affirmed where: 1) defendant’s pretrial issues are rejected as meritless; 2) there is nothing in the record to suggest that the trial court lacked impartiality when it conducted voir dire; 3) defendant’s various claims regarding trial issues are rejected; and 4) defendant’s claims of error during the penalty phase are rejected.” [via FindLaw]
  • Darryl Scott Stinski v. State,  2010 Ga. LEXIS 186 (GA 3/1/2010) Capital sentence undisturbed, arson sentence vacated as the evidence showed that only one continuous act of setting multiple fires in the same house. [more next week]
Week of February 22,  2010: In Favor of the Accused or Condemned
  • Phillip Anthony Summers v. State,   2010 OK CR 5; 2010 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 5 ( Okla. Crim. App.2/25/2010) (dissent)  “This Court finds that Summers’ right to a fair trial and to the opportunity to present a complete defense was unconstitutionally violated by the trial court’s wholesale exclusion of the testimony of Johnson.  Furthermore, given the highly contested nature of the evidence presented and the limitations of the State’s evidence—in particular, no forensic evidence linking Phillip Summers to either the crime scene or the murder weapons—this Court cannot conclude that this constitutional violation was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.”
  • Ex parte Charles Hood, No. AP-75,370; 2010 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 12 &  2010 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2/24/2010) (dissent)(plurality) A sharply divided plurality grants relief on a Penry claim without ever mentioning the salacious allegations that have won this case international condemnation. Specifically, the jury instructions limited the ability of the jurors  to fully consider in mitigation issues like the condemned’s learning disabilities, being hit over the head with a pipe for discipline, and had a  that he had a truck back over him as toddler causing developmental issues and breaking his legs. Steve Hall effectively rounds up the coverage of the decision here.
  • Fred Lawrence Robinson v. Schriro, 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 3605 (9th Cir 2/22/2010) New trial ordered based on the erroneous finding the murder at issue was committed in an especially cruel, heinous, or depraved manner AND trial counsel delivered ineffective assistance of counsel. (unpublished portion of the opinion available at 2010 U.S. App. LEXIS3589).
  • Alwin C. Tumblin v. State, 2010 Fla. LEXIS 258 (FL 2/25/2010) “We conclude that reversible error occurred in the guilt phase of the trial, which affected both the guilt phase and the penalty phase, when a police officer gave his opinion of the truthfulness of a key State witness.”
  • James Harrison v. Gillespie,  2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 3606 (9th Cir 2/22/2010) (superseding opinion) Trial court abused its discretion by declaring a mistrial without first polling jury.  Double jeopardy held to have attached.  State may not again seek death on retrial.

Week of February 22,  2010: In Favor of the State or Government
  • State v. Ryan Wesley  Kuhs,  2010 Ariz. LEXIS 13; 576 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 13 (Az 2/24/2010)  Relief denied on numerous claims including: (1) trial court erred by finding him competent to stand trial without holding an evidentiary hearing; (2) during the State's guilt phase closing argument, the victim's stepmother cried audibly; (3) sufficiency of the evidence to support the felony-murder conviction; (4)  denial of motion to strike jurors for cause; (5)  the trial judge erred in rejecting the jury's "verdict" that it could not unanimously decide on a sentence of life or death; (6)  the trial court coerced the jury verdict by giving an impasse instruction after the jury had twice indicated that it was deadlocked; (7) sending the jury back to deliberate after two separate impasse or deadlock notes; (8)  jury instructions regarding sympathy; (9) Arizona's death-by-lethal-injection statute; (10)  review the jury's finding of aggravating circumstances and verdict of death for abuse of discretion. A.R.S. § 13-756 (Supp. 2009). 
  • Michael Wall Hall v. Thaler,  2010 U.S. App. LEXIS 3611 (5th Cir 2/22/2010) COA and Relief denied on claims relating to whether Mr. Hall is mental retarded, “whether the Texas death penalty statute or the mitigation special issue submitted to the jury violates the Constitution.”

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SMALL PRINT
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OPEN RESEARCH DATA: Search terms for the weekly are "capital habeas" or "capital postconviction" or "DEATH PENALTY" OR "CAPITAL MURDER" OR "SENTENCED TO DEATH" OR "PENALTY PHASE" OR "SPECIAL QUESTIONS" or "SENTENCE OF DEATH" OR "DEATH SENTENCE" or "capital punishment" or "witherspoon"- please note, however, the terms "overproduce" results, including all federal habeas corpus opinions. Execution and other news information derived from Rick Halperin, DPIC, Steve Hall & media accounts. Thx - karl keys

Note:  We've changed the archiving  method used to date editions in January 2010.